Although the differences would still be there, the use and intended purpose would no longer be applicable to modern users. The distinction between a font and a typeface is no longer very clear in the minds of ordinary people. Arial, on the other hand, is not a font but a typeface.
While not very accurate, Arial Bold is still fairly acceptable as a font. If you want to be very accurate, a correct example of a font would be Arial Bold 12. The point size of characters is now irrelevant to the font in use. But with computers, size is largely arbitrary as you can easily scale the size of each character into the size that you need. This was very important when printing involved discrete metal blocks of each character in order to prevent mix-ups and ensuring that the print uses a uniform font design and size. So Arial Bold size 12 is supposed to be a different font from Arial Bold size 14. In the old days, a font is supposed to also be of a fixed point size. You see, you still have the basic design of Arial but modified to be slightly different from the typical appearance of Arial. Variants of Arial, like Arial Bold, Arial Narrow, Arial Italic, are the fonts. The main difference between a font vs typeface is the fact that font exists as a part of a typeface. A font is not the shape of the letters you see on the. In modern terms, a font is a computer file. The font was the literal mechanism of printing a letter or what you have to own to imprint letters. Arial, which many of us recognize as a very popular font, is actually a typeface. A font was the collection of blocks capital letters, lowercase letters, punctuation marks, etc. This concept is more easily understood by means of an example. Variants of a typeface are referred to as fonts. A typeface is basically a single design that is uniformly implemented across all printable characters like letters, numbers, punctuation, and even symbols that can be used. In truth, a font is basically just a small subset of a typeface. The advent of desktop publishing and the many word processors has raised the recognition level of fonts far beyond that of typeface. The collection of all these fonts is a font family. It could be italic or bold and size 14 or 16 point.
But if you ask anyone what a font is, you would likely get a fairly accurate answer. For example, Garamond is a typeface, with its own set of design features for letters and other character. Nowadays, if you ask someone what a typeface is, you would probably get a blank stare.
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